Puppet-valve



L. W. BRENNER.

PUPPET VALVE. APPLICATION FILED FEB- 8, I918:

Patented June 8,' 1920.

UNITED. STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LUPU WILLIAM BRENNER, OF DETROIT; MICHIGAN.

PUPPET-VALVE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed February 8, 1918. Serial No. 216,093.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LUPU WILLIAM BEEN:

NER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Detroit, inthe county of Wayne and State of Michigan, have invented certain My inventionrelates to improvements in explosive engines and particularly to puppet inlet and outlet valves therefor. Whlle the valve construction forming the subjectmatter hereof is especially designed for use in hydro-carbon engines, it is applicable to other constructions and purposes and is therefore not limited to such association.

The object of the invention is to improve thestructure as well as the mode of operation of such valves whereby they will not only be cheapened in construction, but will be more eflicient in use,automatic in actlon, uniform in operation, and unlikely to get out of repair.

The valve construction herein described is designed to afford a perfect fitting, quiet operating and quick actin valve which will materially increase the e ciency of explosive engines, particularlythose" of the high speed type commonly employed in automoblles and airplanes.

By the herein described construction, the cost of manufacture is materially reduced and extreme'accuracy of manufacture isdispensed with. The valve is enabled to wear itself into a perfect fit with the seat and automatically compensates for any unevenness of its bearing, thereby insuring smooth uniform action even after the valve stem and guide become worn. The valveis designed to automatically find its seat indej pendent of the valve stem and guide. The

tendency to warp is reduced to minimum, lubrication insured and carburation materially aided. The valve may further be made .to afford an initial or preliminary relief prior to the opening of the main valved orifice, With the above primary and other incidentalobjects in view as will more fully appear in the s ecification, the invention con sists of the features of construction, the parts and combinations thereof and the mode of operation oftheir equiva ents, as hereinafter described and set fort in the claims.

Referring to the drawings, in which is shown the preferred form of embodiment, F1gure 1 1s a sectional elevation of the improved valve and valve stem associated with a usual form of intake chamber, valve seat and guide. Fig. 2. is a sectional detail View showing the valve operated to afford an in tial or preliminary release of pressure. F1 3 is a top plan view of the valve head.

l-ke parts are indicated by similar characters of referencethroughout the several views. J V

. In Fig. 1 of theaccompanying drawing, 1 is the high pressure chamber having the valved orifice 2, the' eriphery 'or, rim of, which is beveled to a ord the usual valve seat. This. orifice communicates with an intake or exhaust passage 3, according to the purpose and location of the valve. A guide sleeve 4: is provided in this main structure or mounting. It will be understood that the mounting disclosed is for illustrative purposes only and forms no part of the invention per se.

Mounted for reciprocatory movement in th e guide sleeve 4 is the valve stem 5 having at its upper end a-spherical head 6. The valve stem is actuated by a cam .or tapp'et and retracted by a spring, or other means (neither of which is shown) as is customary in such constructions. Q

The valve head 7 is of dished or concaved form and is preferably though not necessarily, stamped from sheet metal. It is provided with a centrally disposed spherical socket fportion 8 which conforms to the contour 0 the valve stem head6. The rim or periphery of the head 7 is inturned or clenched at 9 over the peripheral edge of a concave disk 10. The engagement of the disk 10 ;and inturned rim 9 of the valve head is 'sufficiently tight to place the disk under suflicient tension to maintain a normal compression tight engagement of the spherical head 6 of the valve stem within the socket portion 8;

Intermediate the oppositely disposed con- Patented June 8, 1920.

cave head members 6 and 10 is formed a chamber 11 communicating with the pressure chamber 1 through orifices 12. To afford access to the valve stem head for manuv manufacture. The .periphery of the head portion 7 is beveled at 15 to agree with the valve seat.

I As thus .constructed the valve head is capable of both rotary and tilting movement in relation with the valve stem. The

engagement of the head 6 and socket por- -tion 8 affords a ball and socket or universal joint Which enables the automatic adjustment of the valve to the seat. The grip of the valve head upon the stem is sufiicient to enable it to yieldingly maintain its adjusted position true with the valve seat, to which it is forced by the action of the spring and the drop of the valve upon the seat. l

Valves as usually constructed do not con1- pletely close or seat true at their first contact with the valve seat. After the initial contact of the valve and seat a lateral shifting movement ordinarily occurs before the valve finds its proper seating location.

1 This'is particularly true in the case of worn valve stems and guides. The readjustment or side shift is accomplished under the infiuence of the retracting spring. The interval of time required for such readjustment "is substantially uniform while the time of the valve travel 'is reduced with increased speed of the engine. This variation in time ratio between the timed move ment of the valve and the interval of re- 1 adjustment, results in failure of the valve to be fully closed during too great a portion of the piston stroke.

The freedom of the valve'head, due to the universal joint, permits the valve head to tilt until it assumes a position parallel with the plane of the valve seat and so eflects a complete closure at the initial contact without requiring the lateral shifting adjustment.

This freedom of the valve head to tilt' upon engagement with an uneven seat further induces a rotary movement of the head about the stem which is normally held against rotation by the retracting spring. The rotary movement is not very great at any one stroke, but by marking the valve head and seat and operating the valve repeatedly upon an uneven seat, the rotary movement will be clearly demonstrated. The degree of movement will be somewhat dependent upon the inequality of the seating contact. If the tilting movement of the valve head was-always in a direction coincident with its axis or a true diameter,

as the line aa in Fig. -3, the rotation would be small. However in engaging an unev'en seat the tilting is more often .in directions 011? .center as indicated by lines 00-00, yy, and 2 a in F 3. This givestothe valve a rolling contact which causes a rotary travel of the valve head upon its seat which is positive and continuous so long wear itself into the seat until a perfect fit is effected.- A perfect fit having been thus automatically attained the wearing action will cease unless something occurs to dis-' turb or destroy the contact or fit of the valve head. Thereupon the rotary movement is again established in proportionate degree to compensate for the existing inequality. This effects the automatic removal of carbon deposits from the valve bearing surface and valve seat, and automatically overcomes any warping of either the head or seat. The disk 10 may bev made sufiiciently heavy tov be rigid and unyielding to the thrust impulse of the valve stem, thereby positively carrying the -head 7 in unison with the valve stem and against the pressure within the chamber 1.

However for some purposes and conditions of use, the disk lO is made slightly resilient or yielding. The yielding of the disk 10 permits the spherical head 6 to be unseated from the socket portion 8 at the initial impulse of the valve stem and so momentarily opens an auxiliary bypass from the chamber 1, through the orifices 12, chamber 1 1, and between the head 6 and interior of the socket 8 (as indicated by arrows in Fig. 2) so long as the valve head 7 is retarded by pressure in the chamber 1 and the inertia of the member. This vslight preliminary releaseof pressure facilitates the quick action of the valve and minimizes the force necessaryto unseat the valve. Further it materially reduces the report or noise of the exhaust upon the complete unseating of the valve.

The resiliency of the disk or diaphragm 10 and the preliminary release of pressure reduces the strain upon the valve actuating v cam or tappet and reduces the shock and The noise at thereseating of the valve. flexibility or yielding characteristic of the construction permits the internal pressure to pressthe valve firmly upon the entire seat,

thus insuring against loss of compress s1on.

As usually constructed valve head-s vary,

ency of the valve head to Warp or change its shape either temporarily or sometimes permanently. It is to be noted that in the present construction the head members 7 and'l0 by the opposed convexity of the respective" members. The chamber 11 serves-as a condensatlon in thickness and therefore absorb and ra-" diate heat unevenly. This results in a tend-' chamber for oil vapors carried in the ex v I x haust gases. The lower member 7 being less heated collects and condenses these oil vapors which then'under influence of gas pressure and capillary attraction enter between the head 6 and socket 8 thus lubricating the universal joint and thence creep along the valve stem to the guide 4.

The lower section of the head being of less mass than the ordinary solid head, radiates its heat quickly and so preheatsby contactthe incoming charge of fuel, therebypreventing condensation of the fuel in the intake passage and materially aiding vaporization. This absorption of heat from the head by the fuel charge cools the head to increase condensation of oil vapors of higher temperature. i From the above descriptionit will be ap parent that there is thus provided a device of the character described possessing the particular features of advantagebefore enu merated as desirable but which obviously is susceptible of modification in its form, .prg-

portion, detail construction or arrangement of parts, without departing from the principle involved or sacrificing any of its advantages. v

While in order to comply with the statute, the invention has been described in language more or less specific as to certain structural features, it isto be understood that the invention is not limited to anyspe- ,cific' details, but that the means and construction .herein described comprise but one mode of putting'the invention into efi'ect,

. and the invention is therefore claimed broadly in any of its possible forms or modifications within the scope of the appended claims. v

' Having thus described myinvention, I claim:

'1. A puppet valve comprising two concave members peripherally interengaged one with the other to form a valve head and a valve stem having a head thereon clamped between said concave members. h

2. A puppet valve comprising a two part valve head, the periphery of one of said parts being engaged with the periphery of the other part, said parts being centrally separated one from theother to form an intermediate chamber, and a valve stem in re-- lation with which both the head parts are relatively movable.

3. A puppet valve comprising, a valve head, a resilient disk connected therewith,.

and a valve stem movable in relation with ghekvalve head against the tension of said 4. A puppet valve comprising a valve head, a valve stem movable in relationwith said head, and a resilient member engaging said head and stem against the tension of which said parts are relatively movable.

5. A puppet valve comprising a valve head member having a. seat engaging face thereon, said head member havlng an opening therein, a valve stem extending through said opening, and resilient means against the tension of which the head and stem' are 70.

port, and resilient means engaging the head and valve stem against the tension of which the stem is movable independent of the head to open said port. v

7 A puppet valve comprising a chambered valve head, having a normally open port leading to high pressureside of said valvehead, and having a normally closed port from said chamber to the low pressure side of said the said chamber from the valve head, and a valve stem relatively movable in relation with said valve head adapted by such relative movement to open and close the last mentioned port.

8. In' a valve construction of the charcarried thereby comprising two members peripherally interengaged one with the other and centrally separatedto form an. intermediate chamber one'of said members acter described, a valve stem, a valve head being resilient, and a head upon said valve 9 stem clamped intermediate said members by the resiliency of said resilient member. 9. In a valve construction. ofthe character described, a valve stem, a valve head comprising two members peripherally engaged one with the other and centrally separated to form an intermediate chamber, one of said members being resilient, whereby the valve stem is initially permitted to move against the tension of said member independent of the other member.

,10. In a valve construction o'fthe character described, a valve stem and a valve 7 head comprising two members peripherally interengaged one with trally separated to form an intermediate chamber, one of said members containing an intercommunicating orifice between said chamber and the high pressure side of said valve.

11. In a valve construction of the. char-' acter described, a valve stem, avalve head carried thereby comprising two members peripherally interengaged one with the other, one of said members tension of said resilient member independent of the other member and a bypass the other and cenbeing resilient, 12 said valve stem being movable against the i other and centrally separated to form an in- I chamber, and a head upon said valve stem normally closing said orifice, the valve stem 'termediate chamber, one of said members having an orifice therein leading to said being movable independent of said member to effect the opening of said orifice.

13. In a 'valve construction of the character described, a valve stem, a valve head member having an orifice therein, a head.

upon the valve stem normally closing said orifice and a resilient abutment for sald valve stem carried by said valve head member against the tension of which the valve stem is movable independent of the head member to eflect the opening/ of said orifice. 14. In a valve construction of the character described, a valve stem and a rela-' tively movable hollow valve head carried thereby, said valve head having a valved orifice affording a means of communicating between the interior chamber of the hollow valve head and the exterior thereof and controlled by the relative movement of the head and valve stem.

In a valve construction of the character described, a valve stem, a valve head,

and stem, and means affording yielding reacter described, a valve stem, a disk-like a yielding joint connecting the valve head valve)head carried thereby capable of a tilting movement independent of the valve stem, and means affording yiel ing resistance to the tilting movement of the head in relation with the stem.

18. A puppet terengaged head members formed y from sheet material, and an independently formed valve stem connected therewith.

19. A puppet valve comprising 'a head having an orifice therein, and a valve stem, said'h'ead and stem being capable of relative movement in relation one with theother whereby the orifice in said head is controlled. p In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set myhand this 31st day of January, A. D.

LUPU WILLIAM' BRENN Witnesses:

DALLASVM. CoNDoN,

FLORENCE L.. CoNDoN.

valve comprising two in- 

